The 1930s constitute one of the tragic periods of Soviet history. In fact, at that time the country was in a state of civil war. The confrontation between the ‘upper classes and the lower classes’ can be considered an indisputable fact, and the result of this confrontation were millions of people – arrested, shot, exiled. Numerous trials of wreckers, spies, saboteurs, i.e. ‘enemies of the people’, also contributed. Echoes of these events were naturally observed in the Red Army. Was there a military conspiracy in 1937? This question was repeatedly raised at various levels in different years, especially during the period of ‘rehabilitation’ – in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Historian N.S. Cherushev believes that there was no military conspiracy in 1937.